Benzene is an excellent solvent with aromatic properties and is widely used in industry. However, it is toxic, so when used improperly or carelessly, it often causes poisoning to the user. Or harmful, it is narcotic and volatile at room temperature, and can poison people unknowingly.
Benzene is the original material of styrene and can be used in synthetic rubber, carbonic acid (intermediate of nylon), synthetic disinfectants, and paint strippers, so it is like a related adhesive Manufacturing, coatings, art glass, artificial leather, automobile workers, dry batteries, disinfectants, electroplating, beauticians, paints, pencil manufacturing, soaps, solvents, waxes, shoe factories, rubber, herbicides, furniture workers, mirror silverers, About one hundred occupations, including leather workers, pesticides, and fungicides, are all susceptible to occupational injuries caused by benzene exposure.
Toxic reactions can inhibit the central nervous system and cause acute anesthetic reactions at high concentrations. These reactions are not specific or unique. Symptoms can range from mild dizziness, headache and excitement to respiratory paralysis, convulsions or death. It can also cause an obvious drunken behavior, which is what industrial technicians call "phenol tincture". Symptoms include euphoria, unsteadiness, and mental confusion. Acute benzene anesthesia is usually fully recoverable unless the concentration and duration of exposure have caused pathological changes.
[Clinical symptoms]
Acute poisoning
Acute benzene poisoning occurs after exposure to high amounts of benzene vapor. Its conscious and other symptoms include:
1. Euphoria.
2. Excitement, sweating, and palpitations.
3. Excitement is followed by drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, headache, listlessness, and memory loss.
4. Respiratory irritation and pulmonary edema.
5. Gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and loss of appetite.
6. The skin develops erythema, blisters and spotting bleeding.
7. Insomnia.
8. Dazzle.
9. Nervousness.
10. Abnormal sensation in the hands and feet, such as numbness, tingling, and tingling.
11. A staggering gait.
12. Incoherent speech.
13. Flushing face.
Continued exposure may cause mental loss and death due to respiratory paralysis.
Chronic poisoning
Chronic benzene poisoning can be caused by inhaling benzene over time. The acute toxic reactions described above are far less terrible than chronic benzene poisoning. Symptoms include:
1. Anorexia.
2. Headache.
3. Weight loss.
4. Dizziness.
5. Easily agitated and nervous.
6. Nausea.
7. Exhaustion, fatigue, boredom and weakness, memory loss.
Other symptoms may include: pale skin, prone to bruises, gum bleeding, nose bleeding, retinal bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding during menstruation, and menstrual pain.
Acute poisoning mainly presents symptoms of central nervous system depression. In mild cases, it may be a drunken state, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, unsteady gait, hallucinations, abnormal crying and laughing, etc. Severe cases include loss of consciousness, muscle spasm or twitching, drop in blood pressure, dilated pupils, and death due to respiratory paralysis. Ventricular fibrillation may occur in individual cases. Chronic poisoning not only affects the nervous system, but also affects the hematopoietic system. The most common manifestations of the nervous system are neurasthenia and autonomic nerve dysfunction syndrome; individual patients may have extremity sensory impairment, pain, loss of touch, and numbness, and polyneuritis may also occur. The manifestations of damage to the hematopoietic system are the main features of chronic benzene poisoning, with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia being the most common; toxic granules and vacuoles may appear in neutrophils, and a significant decrease in granulocytes may easily lead to repeated infections; thrombocytopenia may cause skin and mucous membrane Bleeding tendency, menorrhagia in women; severe patients develop pancytopenia and aplastic anemia; some individuals have eosinophilia or mild hemolysis. Benzene can also cause myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia caused by benzene exposure has gradually increased since it was reported in 1928. By 1994, 209 cases had been reported in China. Leukemia caused by benzene usually occurs after long-term high-concentration exposure, with a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 23 years. The most common leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia, followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia and erythroleukemia, while chronic myeloid leukemia is rare. The diagnosis of acute benzene poisoning is not difficult and can be made based on the poison exposure history and clinical manifestations. In addition to the history of exposure to poisons and clinical manifestations, chronic benzene poisoning must also be diagnosed based on relevant blood laboratory tests such as blood picture and bone marrow picture, and identification (and diagnosis) from other causes that can cause blood changes. In addition, urine phenol measurement has certain reference value . The normal values of urinary phenol reported in China vary greatly, ranging from 132 μmol/L to 253 μmol/L (12.4 mg/L to 23.8 mg/L).What are the symptoms of benzene poisoning and how to diagnose it?
How should benzene poisoning be treated?
The treatment principles for acute benzene poisoning are the same as those for general anesthetic gas poisoning. Pay attention to respiratory depression; epinephrine is prohibited to avoid ventricular fibrillation. Chronic poisoning requires comprehensive symptomatic treatment, which mainly deals with damage to cells of various lines in the hematopoietic system.
What tests should be done for benzene poisoning?
Routine blood test: don’t do it at allDraw conclusions based on a single result or a simple review of the results. It is necessary to obtain a stable value based on the results of multiple re-examinations, fully considering error factors, and conduct a comprehensive analysis combined with the overall data before drawing a conclusion. If necessary, a period of close observation should be made before diagnosis.
Barrow marrow examination: helpful for understanding hematopoietic damage. In patients with chronic poisoning, it is of great help in the timely diagnosis and differential diagnosis of certain blood cell abnormalities, pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and leukemia.
Determination of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity and neutrophil toxic granules.
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