Comparison between zinc isoctanoate and other metal salt stabilizers

Overview of zinc isoctanoate

Zinc 2-ethylhexanoate, also known as zinc octanoate or zinc neodecanoate, is a common organometallic compound and is widely used in plastics, coatings, inks, lubricants and other fields. Its chemical formula is Zn(C8H15O2)2 and its molecular weight is 374.6 g/mol. Zinc isoctanoate has good thermal stability and light stability, which can effectively prevent the degradation and aging of polymer materials caused by high temperature, ultraviolet rays and other factors during processing and use.

Physical and chemical properties

Zinc isooctanoate is white to slightly yellow powder or granules with a lower melting point (about 100°C) and a higher decomposition temperature (>200°C). It is insoluble in water, but can be dissolved in a variety of organic solvents, such as alcohols, ketones, esters, etc. The density of zinc isoctanoate is about 1.1 g/cm³ and the refractive index is about 1.49. Its pH is neutral and does not corrode most materials.

Application Fields

1. Plastic Stabilizer: Zinc isoctanoate is one of the important stabilizers for plastic products such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It can effectively inhibit the release of hydrogen chloride and delay the aging process of materials. Compared with traditional calcium-zinc composite stabilizers, zinc isoctanoate has better transparency and anti-pollution properties, and is suitable for high-demand fields such as food packaging and medical supplies.

2. Coatings and Inks: In coatings and inks, zinc isoctanoate acts as a desiccant and drying agent, which can accelerate the curing process of the paint film and improve the hardness and weather resistance of the coating. In addition, it can improve the dispersion and adhesion of pigments and enhance the durability of the product.

3. Lutrients and Additives: Zinc isoctanoate is used as an extreme pressure additive in lubricating oils and greases, and can form a protective film on the metal surface to reduce friction and wear. It also has good antioxidant properties and can extend the service life of lubricating oil.

4. Catalytics: In organic synthesis and polymerization reactions, zinc isoctanoate is often used as a catalyst to promote the progress of the reaction. For example, during the synthesis of polyurethane, zinc isoctanoate can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, shorten the reaction time, and improve production efficiency.

5. Other Applications: Zinc isoctanoate is also widely used in cosmetics, medicine, electronics and other industries as a functional additive such as preservatives, antibacterial agents, plasticizers, etc.

Status of domestic and foreign research

In recent years, with the increase in environmental awareness and the improvement of high-performance materialsWith the increase in material demand, the research and application of zinc isoctanoate has received widespread attention. Foreign scholars such as Kumar et al. of the United States (2018) pointed out that zinc isoctanoate, as an efficient and environmentally friendly stabilizer, can significantly improve without affecting the performance of the material. Thermal stability and mechanical strength of PVC. In China, Professor Zhang's team from Tsinghua University also published relevant research results in the Journal of Polymers, exploring the application effect of zinc isoctanoate in different polymer systems, and putting forward suggestions for optimizing the formulation.

To sum up, zinc isoctanoate has become an indispensable and important raw material in the industrial field due to its excellent physical and chemical properties and wide application prospects. However, compared with other metal salt stabilizers, zinc isoctanoate still has certain limitations in some aspects and needs further research and improvement. Next, we will compare the performance differences between zinc isoctanoate and other common metal salt stabilizers in detail.

Calcium-zinc composite stabilizer

Calcium-zinc composite stabilizer is a type of mixed stabilizer composed of calcium and zinc salts. It is widely used in plastic products such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The main components of this type of stabilizer include calcium stearate, zinc stearate, zinc oxide, etc. Through synergistic action, it can effectively inhibit the hydrogen chloride gas produced by PVC during processing and use, and prevent material degradation and aging. Calcium-zinc composite stabilizers have the advantages of non-toxicity, environmental protection, low price, etc., so they have been widely used in the plastics industry.

Chemical composition and structure

Calcium-zinc composite stabilizer is usually composed of the following ingredients:

1. Calcium Stearate: The chemical formula is Ca(C18H35O2)2, which is a white powdery substance with good lubricity and dispersion. Calcium stearate mainly acts as a lubricant, which can reduce friction between PVC particles and improve processing performance.

2. Zinc Stearate: The chemical formula is Zn(C18H35O2)2, which is a white or light yellow powder with good thermal stability and light stability. Zinc stearate can react with hydrogen chloride in PVC to produce stable chlorides, thereby inhibiting the degradation of the material.

3. Zinc Oxide (Zinc Oxide): The chemical formula is ZnO, which is a white powder with strong ability to absorb ultraviolet rays and can effectively prevent PVC from aging under sunlight. In addition, zinc oxide also has antibacterial and mildew-proof properties, which can improve the weather resistance of the material.

4. Other auxiliary ingredients: In order to further improve the performance of calcium-zinc composite stabilizers, some auxiliary ingredients are usually added, such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, lubricants, etc. These ingredients can work together to enhance the overall effect of the stabilizer.

Thermal Stability and Photo Stability

Thermal stability and light stability of calcium-zinc composite stabilizer are one of its important performance indicators. Studies have shown that calcium-zinc composite stabilizers can effectively inhibit the degradation of PVC under high temperature conditions and extend the service life of the material. According to literature reports, the calcium-zinc composite stabilizer can still maintain good stability under a high temperature environment above 200°C and will not produce obvious hydrogen chloride gas. In addition, the calcium-zinc composite stabilizer also has good light stability and can effectively prevent PVC from yellowing and brittle under ultraviolet irradiation.

Transparency and anti-pollution performance

The transparency and anti-pollution properties of calcium and zinc composite stabilizers are important application characteristics in plastic products. Compared with traditional lead-salt stabilizers, calcium-zinc composite stabilizers have higher transparency and can meet the needs of high-demand fields such as food packaging and medical devices. At the same time, calcium-zinc composite stabilizer does not contain heavy metal components, will not cause harm to the environment and human health, and meets modern environmental protection standards. In addition, calcium-zinc composite stabilizer also has good anti-pollution properties and can effectively prevent impurities such as dust and dirt from adhering to the surface of the material and maintain the cleanliness of the product.

Cost-effective

The cost-effectiveness of calcium-zinc composite stabilizers is another advantage in the plastics industry. Because its main ingredients are derived from natural minerals and vegetable oils, the production cost is relatively low. Compared with high-end stabilizers such as zinc isoctanoate, calcium-zinc composite stabilizers are more affordable and suitable for large-scale industrial production. In addition, the production process of calcium-zinc composite stabilizer is simple, the equipment investment is small, and it is easy to operate and maintain, which can reduce the production costs of the enterprise.

Status of domestic and foreign applications

Calcium-zinc composite stabilizer has been widely used in the plastics industry at home and abroad. According to data from market research institutions, the global market demand for calcium-zinc composite stabilizers is increasing year by year, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. With the rapid development of the economy and the promotion of environmental protection policies, the scope of application of calcium-zinc composite stabilizers has been expanding. Well-known foreign companies such as BASF and Clariant have made significant technological breakthroughs in the field of calcium-zinc composite stabilizers and launched a variety of high-performance products. Domestic companies such as Zhejiang Longsheng and Jiangsu Sanmu have also increased their investment in R&D in calcium-zinc composite stabilizers, improving product quality and technical level.

Comparison with zinc isocitate

Although calcium-zinc composite stabilizers have many advantages, they still have shortcomings in some aspects. Compared with zinc isoctanoate, the thermal stability and light stability of calcium-zinc composite stabilizers are slightly inferior, especially in high temperature and strong light environments.Slight degradation may occur. In addition, the transparency and anti-pollution properties of calcium-zinc composite stabilizers are also slightly inferior to zinc isoctanoate, and cannot fully meet the strict requirements of the high-end market. Therefore, when choosing stabilizers, enterprises should comprehensively consider various factors and choose suitable products based on specific application scenarios and performance needs.

Lead salt stabilizers

Lead salt stabilizers are a traditional PVC stabilizers, mainly including Litharge, Lead Phosphate, Lead Stearate, etc. Lead salt stabilizers once became the mainstream stabilizers in the PVC industry due to their excellent thermal stability and light stability. However, with the increase in environmental awareness and concern about health, the use of lead salt stabilizers has gradually been restricted, and many countries and regions have banned or restricted their applications in food packaging, children's toys and other fields.

Chemical composition and structure

The main components and chemical formulas of lead salt stabilizers are as follows:

1. Litharge Tribasic Lead Sulfate: The chemical formula is Pb3(OH)2(SO4)2, which is a white or light yellow powder with good thermal stability and light stability. Tri-base lead sulfate can react with hydrogen chloride in PVC to produce stable lead chloride, thereby inhibiting the degradation of the material.

2. Lead Phosphate Dibasic Lead Phosphate: The chemical formula is PbHPO4, which is a white powder with strong hygroscopicity and lubricity. Lead dibasic phosphite can effectively absorb moisture generated by PVC during processing and prevent material foaming and deformation.

3. Lead Stearate (Lead Stearate): The chemical formula is Pb(C18H35O2)2, which is a white or light yellow powder with good lubricity and dispersion. Lead stearate can reduce friction between PVC particles, improve processing performance, and also react with hydrogen chloride to inhibit material degradation.

4. Other auxiliary ingredients: In order to further improve the performance of lead salt stabilizers, some auxiliary ingredients are usually added, such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, lubricants, etc. These ingredients can work together to enhance the overall effect of the stabilizer.

Thermal Stability and Photo Stability

Thermal stability and light stability of lead salt stabilizers are one of its important performance indicators. Studies have shown that lead salt stabilizers can effectively inhibit the degradation of PVC under high temperature conditions and extend the service life of the material. According to literatureIt has been reported that lead salt stabilizers can still maintain good stability under high temperature environments above 250°C and will not produce obvious hydrogen chloride gas. In addition, lead salt stabilizers also have good light stability and can effectively prevent PVC from yellowing and embrittlement under ultraviolet irradiation.

Toxicity and environmental protection issues

The big problem with lead salt stabilizers is their toxicity. Lead is a heavy metal that is seriously harmful to human health and the environment. Long-term exposure to lead salt stabilizers may lead poisoning and cause damage to various organs such as the nervous system, blood system, and kidneys. In addition, lead salt stabilizers will release a large amount of lead dust and lead vapor during production and use, polluting air and water sources, causing damage to the ecological environment. Therefore, many countries and regions have introduced strict regulations to restrict or prohibit the use of lead salt stabilizers. For example, the EU's REACH regulations clearly stipulate that lead salt stabilizers should not be used in sensitive areas such as food packaging and children's toys.

Cost-effective

Although lead salt stabilizers have superior performance, their market competitiveness has gradually declined due to their toxicity and environmental protection issues. Compared with calcium-zinc composite stabilizers and zinc isoctanoate, lead-salt stabilizers are relatively expensive and have a higher production cost. In addition, the production process of lead salt stabilizers is complex, the equipment investment is large, and the operation is difficult, which increases the production cost of the enterprise. As a result, more and more companies are turning to more environmentally friendly and safer alternatives, such as calcium-zinc composite stabilizers and zinc isocitate.

Status of domestic and foreign applications

The market demand for lead salt stabilizers has been declining year by year, especially in developed countries such as Europe and the United States, the use of lead salt stabilizers has been basically eliminated. However, in some developing countries, lead salt stabilizers still have a certain market share due to technical and economic conditions. According to data from market research institutions, the global market demand for lead salt stabilizers is decreasing year by year, and is expected to be replaced by more environmentally friendly alternatives in the next few years.

Comparison with zinc isocitate

Compared with zinc isoctanoate, lead salt stabilizers have slightly better thermal stability and light stability, especially in high temperature and strong light environments. However, the toxicity and environmental protection problems of lead salt stabilizers have gradually lost their competitiveness in the market. In contrast, zinc isoctanoate not only has good thermal stability and light stability, but also has the advantages of non-toxic and environmental protection, which is in line with the development trend of modern industry. Therefore, zinc isoctanoate has become an ideal substitute for lead salt stabilizers and is widely used in high-demand fields such as food packaging and medical devices.

Tin stabilizer

Tin stabilizers are an important class of PVC stabilizers, mainly including dibutyltin maleate (DBTDM), thiol methyltin (MTO), thiol isooctyl sulfhydryl tin (SMT), etc. Tin stabilizers are well-known for their excellent thermal stability and light stability, and are widely used in high-end PVC products, such as food packaging and medical care.Treatment equipment, building materials, etc. Compared with calcium-zinc composite stabilizers and lead-salt stabilizers, tin stabilizers have higher stability and a wider range of application areas.

Chemical composition and structure

The main components and chemical formulas of tin stabilizers are as follows:

1. Dibutyltin maleate (DBTDM): The chemical formula is [(C4H9)2Sn(OOCCH=CHCOO)], which is a white or light yellow powder with good thermal stability and light stability sex. Dibutyltin maleate can react with hydrogen chloride in PVC to produce stable chlorides, thereby inhibiting the degradation of the material. In addition, it also has good lubricity and dispersion, which can improve the processing performance of PVC.

2. Methyltin (MTO): The chemical formula is [C4H9Sn(SCH3)3], which is a colorless or light yellow liquid with excellent thermal stability and light stability. Mercaptan methyltin can effectively absorb moisture generated by PVC during processing and prevent material foaming and deformation. In addition, it has good anti-pollution properties and can prevent impurities such as dust and dirt from adhering to the surface of the material.

3. SMT sulfhydryl isooctyl tin (SMT): The chemical formula is [C4H9Sn(SCH2COOC8H17)3], which is a colorless or light yellow liquid with excellent thermal stability and light stability. Thioisooctyl tin can react with hydrogen chloride in PVC to produce stable chlorides, thereby inhibiting the degradation of the material. In addition, it also has good lubricity and dispersion, which can improve the processing performance of PVC.

4. Other auxiliary ingredients: In order to further improve the performance of tin stabilizers, some auxiliary ingredients are usually added, such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, lubricants, etc. These ingredients can work together to enhance the overall effect of the stabilizer.

Thermal Stability and Photo Stability

Thermal stability and light stability of tin-based stabilizers are one of its important performance indicators. Studies have shown that tin stabilizers can effectively inhibit the degradation of PVC under high temperature conditions and extend the service life of the material. According to literature reports, tin-based stabilizers can still maintain good stability under high temperature environments above 250°C and will not produce obvious hydrogen chloride gas. In addition, tin-based stabilizers also have good light stability and can effectively prevent PVC from yellowing and embrittlement under ultraviolet irradiation.

Transparency and anti-pollution performance

The transparency and anti-pollution properties of tin stabilizers are important application characteristics in high-end PVC products. Combined with calcium and zinc stabilizers and lead saltsCompared with fixed agents, tin stabilizers have higher transparency and can meet the needs of high-demand areas such as food packaging and medical devices. At the same time, tin stabilizers do not contain heavy metal components, will not cause harm to the environment and human health, and meet modern environmental protection standards. In addition, tin stabilizers also have good anti-pollution properties and can effectively prevent impurities such as dust and dirt from adhering to the surface of the material and maintain the cleanliness of the product.

Cost-effective

The cost of tin stabilizers is relatively high, especially compared with calcium-zinc composite stabilizers, which are relatively expensive. This is because the raw materials of tin stabilizers are limited, the production process is complex, the equipment investment is large, and the operation is difficult, resulting in high production costs. However, the high performance and wide application fields of tin stabilizers make them still have certain competitiveness in the market. Especially in high-end PVC products, the use of tin stabilizers can significantly improve the quality and added value of the product, and therefore have been favored by many companies.

Status of domestic and foreign applications

Tin stabilizers have been widely used in high-end PVC products at home and abroad. According to data from market research institutions, the global market demand for tin stabilizers is increasing year by year, especially in developed countries such as Europe and the United States, the scope of application of tin stabilizers is constantly expanding. Well-known foreign companies such as Dow Chemical and BASF have made significant technological breakthroughs in the field of tin stabilizers and launched a variety of high-performance products. Domestic companies such as Zhejiang Longsheng and Jiangsu Sanmu have also increased their investment in R&D in tin stabilizers, improving product quality and technical level.

Comparison with zinc isocitate

Compared with zinc isoctanoate, the thermal stability and light stability of tin stabilizers are excellent, especially in high temperature and strong light environments. In addition, the transparency and anti-pollution properties of tin stabilizers are also better than zinc isoctanoate, which can better meet the requirements of high-end PVC products. However, tin stabilizers are costly and expensive, which makes them relatively weak in some low-end markets. In contrast, zinc isoctanoate not only has good thermal stability and light stability, but also has the advantages of non-toxic, environmentally friendly and affordable, and is suitable for a wider range of application fields. Therefore, when choosing stabilizers, enterprises should comprehensively consider various factors and choose suitable products based on specific application scenarios and performance needs.

Comprehensive comparison of various metal salt stabilizers

In order to more intuitively compare the performance differences between zinc isoctanoate and other metal salt stabilizers, we can analyze them through the following key indicators: thermal stability, light stability, transparency, anti-pollution performance, toxicity, cost Benefits and application areas. The following is a comparison table of specific parameters of various stabilizers:

Performance metrics	Zinc isocitate	Calcium-zinc composite stabilizer	Lead salt stabilizers	Tin stabilizer
Thermal Stability	Above 200°C	Above 200°C	Above 250°C	Above 250°C
Photostability	Good	Good	Excellent	Excellent
Transparency	High	Higher	Lower	High
Anti-pollution performance	Excellent	Better	Poor	Excellent
Toxicity	Non-toxic	Non-toxic	High toxic	Low toxic
Cost-effective	Medium	Low Cost	High Cost	High Cost
Application Fields	Food packaging, medical devices, coatings	Building materials, ordinary PVC products	Phase out gradually, limited to non-sensitive areas	High-end PVC products, food packaging

Thermal Stability

From the thermal stability, tin stabilizers have excellent performance and can maintain good stability in high temperature environments above 250°C. They are suitable for high-temperature processing PVC products. Lead salt stabilizers also have excellent thermal stability, but their toxicity and environmental protection issues limit their application range. The thermal stability of zinc isoctanoate and calcium-zinc composite stabilizers is relatively low, but they can still maintain good performance in high temperature environments above 200°C and are suitable for most PVC products.

Photostability

In terms of light stability, tin-based stabilizers and lead-based stabilizers are excellent, which can effectively prevent PVC from yellowing and embrittlement under ultraviolet irradiation. Isopic acidZinc has good light stability, which can meet most application needs. The light stability of calcium-zinc composite stabilizers is relatively low, but they can still provide sufficient protection in general environments.

Transparency

Transparency is one of the important performance indicators of high-end PVC products. Tin stabilizers and zinc isoctanoate have high transparency and can meet the needs of high-demand areas such as food packaging and medical devices. The transparency of calcium-zinc composite stabilizer is relatively low and is suitable for ordinary PVC products with low requirements for transparency. Lead salt stabilizers have poor transparency and have gradually been eliminated due to their toxicity problems.

Anti-pollution performance

Anti-pollution performance refers to the ability of a stabilizer to prevent impurities such as dust and dirt from adhering to the surface of the material. Zinc isooctanate and tin stabilizers are particularly outstanding in this regard, and can effectively maintain the cleanliness of the product. Calcium-zinc composite stabilizers have good anti-pollution performance, but they are slightly inferior to zinc isoctanoate and tin stabilizers. Lead salt stabilizers have poor anti-pollution performance and have been gradually eliminated due to their toxicity problems.

Toxicity

Toxicity is an important factor that must be considered when selecting a stabilizer. Zinc isoctanoate and calcium-zinc composite stabilizers are non-toxic or low-toxic products, meet modern environmental standards, and are suitable for sensitive fields such as food packaging and medical devices. Tin stabilizers are low in toxicity, but they still need to be used with caution. Lead salt stabilizers are highly toxic and have been banned or restricted in many countries and regions.

Cost-effective

Cost-effectiveness is one of the important considerations for enterprises when choosing stabilizers. Calcium-zinc composite stabilizers are suitable for large-scale industrial production due to their wide source of raw materials, simple production process and low cost. Zinc isocaprylate has a medium cost and is suitable for the mid-to-high-end market. Tin stabilizers and lead salt stabilizers have high costs, especially tin stabilizers, which are expensive and are mainly used in high-end PVC products.

Application Fields

The application areas of different types of stabilizers have their own emphasis. Zinc isoctanoate is widely used in food packaging, medical devices, coatings, inks and other fields, and has the advantages of non-toxicity, environmental protection, and high transparency. Calcium-zinc composite stabilizer is suitable for areas with low performance requirements such as building materials and ordinary PVC products, and has the advantages of low cost and environmental protection. Tin stabilizers are mainly used in high-end PVC products, such as food packaging, medical devices, etc., and have excellent thermal stability and light stability. Lead salt stabilizers have been gradually eliminated due to their toxicity and environmental protection issues and are limited to non-sensitive areas.

Future development trends

With the advancement of science and technology and the enhancement of environmental awareness, the future development of metal salt stabilizers has shown the following trends:

1. Promotion of environmentally friendly stabilizers

As the global attention to environmental protection continues to increase, governments across the country have issued strict environmental protection regulations to restrict or prohibit the use of stabilizers containing heavy metals. Lead salts are stableDue to its high toxicity, the determinant has been banned from use in many countries and regions. In the future, non-toxic and environmentally friendly stabilizers will become the mainstream of the market. Zinc isoctanoate, as a non-toxic and environmentally friendly stabilizer, will be promoted and applied in more fields. In addition, researchers are developing novel biobased stabilizers to further reduce their environmental impact.

2. Increased demand for high-performance stabilizers

With the continuous development of industrial technology, the market demand for high-performance stabilizers is increasing. Especially for high-end PVC products, such as food packaging, medical devices, etc., stabilizers are required to have higher thermal stability, light stability and transparency. Due to its excellent properties, tin stabilizers will continue to occupy an important position in these fields. At the same time, researchers are constantly exploring new stabilizer formulas to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

3. Development of multifunctional stabilizers

Future stabilizers must not only have good thermal stability and light stability, but also have other functions, such as antibacterial, anti-mold, anti-static, etc. Researchers are developing multifunctional stabilizers to meet the market demand for high-performance materials. For example, adding stabilizers with antibacterial ingredients can effectively prevent the growth of microorganisms and prolong the service life of the material; adding stabilizers with antistatic ingredients can prevent the accumulation of static electricity and reduce fire risks.

4. Promotion of green production processes

The production process of traditional stabilizers is often accompanied by high energy consumption and environmental pollution problems. In the future, green production processes will become an important development direction for stabilizer production. Researchers are exploring new production processes to reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions. For example, using bio-based raw materials instead of traditional petroleum-based raw materials can significantly reduce carbon emissions during the production process. In addition, researchers are developing efficient catalytic and separation technologies to improve production efficiency and product quality.

5. Application of intelligent production

With the advent of Industry 4.0, intelligent production will become an important development trend in the stabilizer industry. By introducing advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, enterprises can realize automated and intelligent management of the production process. Intelligent production can not only improve production efficiency, but also monitor product quality in real time to ensure that the performance of the stabilizer reaches an optimal state. In addition, intelligent production can also help enterprises optimize supply chain management, reduce inventory costs, and improve market competitiveness.

Conclusion

By a detailed comparison and analysis of zinc isoctanoate with other metal salt stabilizers, we can draw the following conclusions:

1. Zinc isoctanoate has good thermal stability and light stability, and is suitable for high-demand fields such as food packaging, medical devices, coatings, and inks. Its non-toxic and environmentally friendly characteristics make it the mainstream choice in the future market.

2. Calcium-zinc composite stabilizer has the advantages of low cost and environmental protection, and is suitable for areas with low performance requirements such as building materials and ordinary PVC products. Although its thermal stability and light stability are slightly inferior to zinc isoctanoate, it still has a high cost-effectiveness in large-scale industrial production.

3. Lead salt stabilizers have been banned or restricted in many countries and regions due to their high toxicity. Although it has excellent thermal stability and light stability, its market competitiveness has gradually declined due to environmental protection issues.

4. Tin stabilizer has excellent thermal stability and light stability, and is suitable for high-end PVC products, such as food packaging, medical devices, etc. However, its high costs limit its application in the low-end market.

To sum up, zinc isoctanoate has become the leader among metal salt stabilizers due to its non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and high-performance advantages. With the increase in environmental awareness and the increase in demand for high-performance materials, the application prospects of zinc isoctanoate will be broader. In the future, researchers will continue to work on developing new stabilizers to meet the needs of different application scenarios and promote the sustainable development of the industry.

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