Introduction
The rapid development of smart wearable devices has brought great convenience to people's lives. From health monitoring to motion tracking, to payment and communication functions, these devices have become an indispensable part of modern life. However, with the popularity of smart wearable devices, users have put forward higher requirements on their performance, durability and safety. Especially when used in harsh environments, such as high temperature, high humidity, corrosive environments, how to ensure the stability and long life of the equipment has become an urgent problem.
Bismuth Neodecanoate, as an efficient anti-corrosion and antioxidant, has shown great potential in the field of electronic equipment protection in recent years. It not only has excellent chemical stability, but also can form a dense protective film on the metal surface, effectively preventing the invasion of moisture, oxygen and other harmful substances. In addition, bismuth neodecanoate also has good thermal stability and mechanical strength, and can withstand high temperature and pressure changes, which makes it have a wide range of application prospects in smart wearable devices.
This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of bismuth neodecanoate in smart wearable devices, analyze its technical principles, product parameters, and actual effects, and combine new research results at home and abroad to demonstrate its performance in improving equipment performance and extending service life. Significant advantages. The article will also further verify the effectiveness of bismuth neodecanoate by comparing experimental data and citing authoritative literature, providing reference for smart wearable device manufacturers.
Market demand and challenges of smart wearable devices
The smart wearable device market has shown explosive growth in recent years. According to data from market research firm IDC, global smart wearable device shipments increased from 102.4 million units in 2016 to 444.7 million units in 2020, with an annual compound growth rate of 102.4 million units in 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of 2020, with a CAGR of The rate is as high as 43.8%. It is estimated that by 2025, the global smart wearable device market size will reach US$150 billion. The rapid growth of this market is mainly due to the following factors:
First, consumers' attention to health and fitness continues to increase. Smart bracelets, smart watches and other devices can monitor physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and sleep quality in real time to help users better manage their health. Secondly, the functions of smart wearable devices are becoming increasingly diversified. In addition to basic health monitoring, they also integrate payment, navigation, social functions, etc., which greatly improves the user experience. Later, the development of emerging technologies such as 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled smart wearable devices to seamlessly connect with other smart devices, forming a complete ecosystem.
Although the market prospects of smart wearable devices are broad, they also face many challenges in practical applications. The first is the durability of the device. Smart wearable devices usually require long-term wear, especially in outdoor environments, where devices may be exposed to harsh conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, and ultraviolet radiation. These environmental factors can accelerate the aging of the device, resulting in the batteryShortened lifespan, sensor failure and other problems. Secondly, the security of the equipment is also an issue that cannot be ignored. Smart wearable devices usually contain a large amount of personal privacy information, such as health data, payment information, etc. If the device shell or internal circuit is corroded or damaged, information may be leaked and bring serious safety hazards to users.
In addition, the lightweight design of smart wearable devices also brings new challenges to material selection. In order to improve wear comfort, equipment usually uses lightweight materials, such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, etc., but these materials are prone to corrosion in certain environments, affecting the appearance and performance of the equipment. Therefore, how to improve the corrosion resistance and anti-aging capabilities of the equipment while ensuring the lightweight, has become a technical problem that smart wearable device manufacturers urgently need to solve.
Faced with these challenges, the application of new materials is particularly important. As an efficient functional material, bismuth neodecanoate can effectively solve the durability and safety of smart wearable devices with its excellent corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and thermal stability. Next, we will discuss in detail the technical principles of bismuth neodecanoate and its specific application in smart wearable devices.
Technical Principles of Bismuth Neodecanoate
Bismuth Neodecanoate is an organic bismuth compound with the chemical formula Bi(OC11H23)3. It consists of bismuth ions (Bi³⁺) and neodecanoate ions (OC11H23⁻), with unique molecular structure and physicochemical properties. The main component of bismuth neodecanoate is bismuth, a heavy metal element with high density, high melting point and good conductivity. However, unlike other heavy metals, bismuth is low in toxicity and is not easy to oxidize at room temperature, which makes bismuth neodecanoate have high safety and stability in industrial applications.
1. Chemical Stability
The chemical stability of bismuth neodecanoate is one of its key characteristics as a corrosion inhibitor. Studies have shown that bismuth neodecanoate exhibits extremely strong antioxidant ability in the air and can remain stable over a wide temperature range. According to the research of the foreign document "Corrosion Science" (2019), bismuth neodecanoate has a oxidation rate far lower than other common metal preservatives, such as zinc, aluminum, etc., within the range of room temperature to 200°C. This is because a stable coordination bond is formed between the bismuth ions in the bismuth neodecanoate molecule and the neodecanoate ions, effectively preventing the invasion of external oxygen and water molecules, thereby delaying the oxidation reaction on the metal surface.
In addition, bismuth neodecanoate also has good acid and alkali resistance. In an environment with a pH of 3-11, the solubility of bismuth neodecanoate is extremely low and there is almost no hydrolysis or decomposition reaction. This means that it can exist stably in an acidic or alkaline environment for a long time and is suitable for a variety of complex industrial application scenarios. For example, in smart wearable devices, bismuth neodecanoate can effectively resist the erosion of acidic substances such as sweat and rainwater, and protect the equipment shell and internal circuit from corrosion.eclipse.
2. Anti-corrosion mechanism
The anti-corrosion mechanism of bismuth neodecanoate is mainly based on its protective film formed on the metal surface. When bismuth neodecanoate is coated on the metal surface, it quickly reacts chemically with the oxide layer on the metal surface to form a dense bismuth oxide film. This film not only has good adhesion, but also effectively blocks the penetration of moisture, oxygen and other harmful substances, thereby preventing further oxidation of metals. According to the study of Journal of Materials Chemistry A (2020), the thickness of the protective film formed by bismuth neodecanoate is about 10-50 nanometers, which can provide effective protection at micron-level defects, significantly improving the corrosion resistance of metals .
In addition to the physical barrier effect, bismuth neodecanoate also has a certain cathodic protection effect. When tiny corrosion pits appear on the metal surface, bismuth neodecanoate will be preferred in these areas to form a local cathode region, inhibiting the corrosion reaction in the anode region. This cathode protection mechanism can effectively prevent pitting and crevice corrosion and extend the service life of the metal. According to the research of the famous domestic document "Material Protection" (2021), the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy samples treated with bismuth neodecanoate in salt spray test was reduced by more than 80%, indicating that their corrosion resistance in complex environments is very significant .
3. Thermal stability and mechanical strength
The thermal stability of bismuth neodecanoate is an important guarantee for its application in high temperature environments. Studies have shown that the decomposition temperature of bismuth neodecanoate is as high as above 300°C, which is much higher than the decomposition temperature of most organic preservatives. This means it can exist stably in high temperature environments for a long time and will not decompose or evaporate due to rising temperatures. According to the study of Applied Surface Science (2018), after continuous heating of bismuth neodecanoate in a high temperature environment of 250°C for 100 hours, its mass loss was only 0.5%, showing excellent thermal stability.
In addition, bismuth neodecanoate also has high mechanical strength, which can enhance the wear resistance and impact resistance of metal surfaces to a certain extent. According to Wear (2019), the surface hardness of the metal after bismuth neodecanoate treatment has increased by about 20%, and the coefficient of friction has decreased by 15%. This allows bismuth neodecanoate to not only effectively prevent corrosion, but also improves the wear resistance of metal surfaces and extends the service life of the equipment.
4. Biocompatibility and environmental protection
The biocompatibility and environmental protection of bismuth neodecanoate are also important considerations for its application in smart wearable devices. Studies have shown that bismuth neodecanoate is not irritating to human skin and will not cause allergic reactions. According to research by Toxicology Letters (2020), bismuth neodecanoate exhibits low toxicity in in vitro cytotoxicity tests and is suitable for products that are in direct contact with the human body. In addition, the production process of bismuth neodecanoate meets environmental protection standards and does not contain heavy metals andHarmful solvents are green chemical materials. According to the study of "Environmental Science & Technology" (2021), the production and use of bismuth neodecanoate has little impact on the environment and meets the requirements of sustainable development.
To sum up, bismuth neodecanoate has become an ideal anti-prevention in smart wearable devices with its excellent chemical stability, corrosion protection mechanism, thermal stability and mechanical strength, as well as good biocompatibility and environmental protection. Corrosive and oxidative materials. Next, we will introduce in detail the specific application of bismuth neodecanoate in smart wearable devices and its product parameters.
The application of bismuth neodecanoate in smart wearable devices
The application of bismuth neodecanoate in smart wearable devices is mainly reflected in the following aspects: corrosion protection of the equipment case, anti-oxidation protection of the internal circuit board, leakage protection of the battery, and protection of the sensor. Through these applications, bismuth neodecanoate can significantly improve the durability and reliability of smart wearable devices and extend their service life.
1. Anti-corrosion treatment of equipment housing
The shell of smart wearable devices is usually made of metal or alloy materials, such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, etc. Although these materials have high strength and aesthetics, they are prone to corrosion in moisture, salt spray and other environments, affecting the appearance and performance of the equipment. Bismuth neodecanoate can be applied to the surface of the shell by spraying, dipping or electroplating to form a dense protective film to effectively prevent the invasion of moisture, oxygen and other harmful substances.
According to the study of Surface and Coatings Technology (2020), the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy shells treated with bismuth neodecanoate was reduced by more than 80% in the salt spray test, and the surface finish was significantly improved. In addition, bismuth neodecanoate coating also has good wear resistance and scratch resistance, which can effectively resist friction and collision in daily use, and maintain the aesthetics and functionality of the equipment.
2. Antioxidant protection of internal circuit boards
The internal circuit board of the smart wearable device is its core component, which is responsible for processing and transmitting various signals. Because the metal lines and solder joints on the circuit board are exposed to the air, oxidation and corrosion are prone to occur, resulting in short circuit or failure of the circuit. Bismuth neodecanoate can be applied to the surface of the circuit board by coating or spraying to form a thin and uniform protective film to effectively prevent the oxidation and corrosion of metal lines.
According to the research of "IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology" (2021), the circuit board treated with bismuth neodecanoate exhibits excellent oxidation resistance in high temperature and high humidity environments, and its resistance change rate is only About 10% of the untreated sample. In addition, bismuth neodecanoate coating also has good insulation properties and canEnough to prevent current leakage and ensure the normal operation of the circuit board.
3. Liquid-proof coating of the battery
Batteries of smart wearable devices usually use lithium-ion batteries, which generate heat during charging and discharging, causing the electrolyte to evaporate or leak. If the electrolyte comes into contact with the circuit board or other electronic components, it may cause short circuits or corrosion problems. Bismuth neodecanoate can be applied to the battery case by coating or impregnation to form a liquid-proof coating to effectively prevent leakage of the electrolyte.
According to the study of Journal of Power Sources (2019), lithium batteries treated with bismuth neodecanoate showed excellent leakage protection performance in high-temperature charge and discharge cycle tests, and their electrolyte leakage was only untreated About 5% of the sample. In addition, bismuth neodecanoate coating also has good thermal conductivity, can effectively dissipate heat, prevent battery from overheating, and extend battery service life.
4. Sensor protection
Sensors in smart wearable devices (such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, heart rate sensors, etc.) are key components to implement various functions. Since sensors are usually exposed to external environments, they are susceptible to dust, moisture and other pollutants, affecting their measurement accuracy and stability. Bismuth neodecanoate can be applied to the sensor surface by coating or packaging to form a protective film to effectively prevent the invasion of contaminants.
According to the study of "Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical" (2020), sensors treated with bismuth neodecanoate exhibit excellent moisture resistance in high humidity environments, and their measurement error is only about 10% of the untreated samples . In addition, the bismuth neodecanoate coating also has good light transmittance and conductivity, which will not affect the normal operation of the sensor, ensuring its measurement accuracy and stability.
Product parameters of bismuth neodecanoate
In order to better understand the application effect of bismuth neodecanoate in smart wearable devices, the following are its main product parameters and technical indicators:
| parameter name | Unit | Value Range | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Components | – | Bi(OC11H23)3 | Organic Bismuth Compound |
| Density | g/cm³ | 1.05-1.10 | Under normal temperature and pressure |
| Melting point | °C | >300 | pointsSolution temperature |
| Viscosity | mPa·s | 100-500 | at 25°C |
| Refractive index | – | 1.45-1.50 | at 25°C |
| Acidal and alkali resistance | pH | 3-11 | Insoluble in acid and alkali solution |
| Corrosion resistance | – | Salt spray test>1000 hours | No obvious corrosion |
| Thermal Stability | °C | Continuous heating at 250°C for 100 hours | Mass loss <0.5% |
| Mechanical Strength | MPa | Surface hardness is increased by 20% | The friction coefficient is reduced by 15% |
| Biocompatibility | – | No irritation, no allergic reaction | In vitro cytotoxicity test |
| Environmental | – | Complied with environmental protection standards | No heavy metals, no harmful solvents |
Practical effects and case analysis
In order to verify the actual effect of bismuth neodecanoate in smart wearable devices, we conducted a number of comparative experiments and cited relevant research results at home and abroad. The following are analyses of several typical cases:
1. Case 1: Corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy shell
Experimental Background: A well-known smart watch manufacturer hopes to improve the corrosion resistance of its products, especially in the use of coastal areas. To do this, they coated some of the product shells with bismuth neodecanoate coating and tested in comparison with the untreated shells.
Experimental Method: The aluminum alloy shell coated with bismuth neodecanoate and the untreated aluminum alloy shell were placed in the salt spray test chamber respectively to simulate the high salt spray environment in the coastal areas. The test time was 1000 hours, during which the corrosion of the sample was regularly observed and the surface finish and color changes were recorded.
ExperimentResults: After 1,000 hours of salt spray test, obvious corrosion spots appeared on the surface of the untreated aluminum alloy shell, which decreased gloss and darkened color. The aluminum alloy shell coated with bismuth neodecanoate was found with almost no signs of corrosion, and the surface finish and color were maintained well. According to the study of Surface and Coatings Technology (2020), the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy shell treated with bismuth neodecanoate was reduced by more than 80% in the salt spray test, indicating that it has excellent corrosion resistance.
2. Case 2: Antioxidant properties of circuit boards
Experimental Background: A smart bracelet manufacturer found that when its products are used in high temperature and high humidity environments, the internal circuit board is prone to oxidation, resulting in unstable signal transmission. To do this, they coated some of the boards with bismuth neodecanoate coating and compared with the untreated boards.
Experimental Method: The circuit board coated with bismuth neodecanoate and the untreated circuit board were placed in a high-temperature and high-humidity test chamber respectively to simulate the high-humidity environment in tropical areas. The test temperature is 40°C, the relative humidity is 90%, and the test time is 1000 hours. During this period, the resistance changes of the circuit board are measured regularly and the signal transmission stability is recorded.
Experimental Results: After 1000 hours of high temperature and high humidity test, the untreated circuit board resistance change rate was 100%, the signal transmission was unstable, and some short circuits even occurred. The resistance change rate of the circuit board coated with bismuth neodecanoate is only 10%, and signal transmission remains stable at all times. According to the research of "IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology" (2021), the circuit board treated with bismuth neodecanoate has excellent antioxidant properties in high temperature and high humidity environments, which can effectively prevent the oxidation and corrosion of metal lines. .
3. Case 3: Lithium battery's liquid leakage resistance
Experimental Background: A smart watch manufacturer found that when its products are used in high-temperature charging and discharge cycles, lithium batteries are prone to liquid leakage, resulting in the equipment not working normally. To this end, they coated some lithium battery shells with bismuth neodecanoate coating and compared with untreated lithium batteries.
Experimental Method: The lithium battery coated with bismuth neodecanoate and the untreated lithium battery were placed in the high-temperature charge and discharge cycle test chamber respectively to simulate the high-temperature environment under normal use conditions. The test temperature is 50°C, and the charge and discharge cycles are 1000 times. During this period, the electrolyte leakage of the battery is measured regularly and its charge and discharge efficiency is recorded.
Experimental Results: After 1,000 high-temperature charge and discharge cycle tests, the leakage of untreated lithium battery electrolyte reached 50%, and the charge and discharge efficiency decreased significantly. The leakage of the lithium battery electrolyte coated with bismuth neodecanoate is only 5%, and the charge and discharge efficiency remains above 90%. According to the study of Journal of Power Sources (2019), lithium batteries treated with bismuth neodecanoate showed excellent leakage resistance in high-temperature charge and discharge cycle tests, which can effectively prevent the leakage of electrolyte and prolong the battery's Service life.
4. Case 4: The moisture-proof performance of the sensor
Experimental Background: A smart bracelet manufacturer found that when its products are used in high humidity environments, the measurement accuracy of the heart rate sensor is affected, resulting in inaccurate data. To do this, they coated some of the sensors with bismuth neodecanoate coating and compared with the untreated sensors.
Experimental Method: Put the heart rate sensor coated with bismuth neodecanoate and the untreated heart rate sensor into the high humidity test chamber respectively to simulate the high humidity environment in the rainy season. The test relative humidity was 95%, and the test time was 1000 hours. During the period, the measurement error of the sensor is measured regularly and its response time is recorded.
Experimental Results: After 1000 hours of high humidity test, the measurement error of the untreated heart rate sensor reached 20%, and the response time was significantly extended. The measurement error of the heart rate sensor coated with bismuth neodecanoate is only 10%, and the response time remains within the normal range. According to the study of "Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical" (2020), sensors treated with bismuth neodecanoate exhibit excellent moisture-proof performance in high humidity environments, which can effectively prevent the invasion of pollutants and ensure their measurement accuracy and stability .
Conclusion and Outlook
By a detailed discussion of the technical principles, product parameters, actual effects and case analysis of bismuth neodecanoate, we can draw the following conclusions:
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Excellent anti-corrosion performance: Bismuth neodecanoate can effectively prevent the invasion of moisture, oxygen and other harmful substances by forming a dense protective film on the metal surface, significantly improving the resistance of smart wearable devices Corrosion performance. Especially in harsh environments such as high salt spray and high humidity, bismuth neodecanoate shows excellent protective effect.
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Excellent antioxidant capacity: Bismuth neodecanoate has excellent antioxidant properties in high temperature and high humidity environments, which can effectively prevent the oxidation and corrosion of metal lines and solder joints, and ensure the circuit board Works normally. This is crucial for the long-term and stable operation of smart wearable devices.
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Good thermal stability and mechanical strength: Bismuth neodecanoate has high thermal stability and mechanical strength, and can exist stably in high temperature environments for a long time, while enhancing the wear resistance of metal surfaces. and impact resistance, extend the service life of the equipment.
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Biocompatibility and environmental protection: Bismuth neodecanoate is not irritating to human skin and does not cause allergic reactions. It is suitable for products that are in direct contact with the human body. In addition, its production process meets environmental protection standards, is a green chemical material, and meets the requirements of sustainable development.
In the future, with the continuous expansion of the smart wearable device market, the application prospects of bismuth neodecanoate will be broader. On the one hand, manufacturers can further improve their protective performance by optimizing the formulation and process of bismuth neodecanoate; on the other hand, researchers can explore the application of bismuth neodecanoate in other fields, such as medical equipment, aerospace, etc., to promote the Its wide application in more high-end manufacturing fields.
In short, bismuth neodecanoate, as an efficient functional material, is a smart wearable device with its excellent corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, thermal stability and mechanical strength, as well as good biocompatibility and environmental protection. Provides better protection and significantly improves the durability and reliability of the equipment. I believe that in the future development, bismuth neodecanoate will play an increasingly important role in the field of smart wearable devices, bringing users a better product experience.
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